On the positive half cycle of the AC, the diode is forward biased. Long story short, AC is an electric current that reverses its direction many times a second at regular intervals, typically used in power supplies. AC current changes it's direction based on it's frequency. In the fifth and sixth image I showed the basic wave from of alternating current. Now, lets just change the power source into AC. So, there no big difference between the open and the reversed diode circuit. Interesting right? This happens because the diode does not let current flow on the other direction. Like the third image if I have used the diode on reverse direction, THE BULB WOULDN'T GLOW.
The second image's circuit is a completed circuit because the diode is facing the right direction. As you all know that electron flows from cathode (-) to anode (+). There is a diode symbol in the first image. It means current can't go on the reverse direction. (Copied from wikipedia) It can be only used on ALTERNATING current.Ī diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current in one direction only. Power can be transferred between the two coils through the magnetic field, without a metallic connection between the two circuits.Transformers are used to increase or decrease the alternating voltages in electric power applications. A varying current in one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic field, which in turn induces a voltage in a second coil. Let me tell you a little bit more about transformers.Ī transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. So, in this case I'll use a 12v output rated transformer. In some cases it can be more or less than 5v. So, 5v output rated transformer won't always give you 5v. You might know that mains voltage in all countries aren't same. A step down transformer transforms high power into low power. In this case you need a step down transformer. A transformer's main job is to transform power.
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